In an automatic transmission it is called a torque converter, this makes a fluid connection between the engine and transmission. In a standard it is a clutch. When you depress the clutch either a mechanical or hydraulic system extends a cylinder which presses on what is called the pressure plate, fingers then mechanically pull the pressure plate away from the flywheel. in between the flywheel and pressure plate is a clutch disc which is connected to the transmission. this allows no force on the input shaft allowing the transmission to be shifted. Most standards can be shifted without using the clutch, except when starting from a stop or going into reverse. While driving, let up on the gas at the shift-point and pull back on the shift it will pop out of the gear and then keep pulling and it will snap into the next gear without making any grinding. This takes a little practice. But if your foot is tired of shifting or you are just too lazy to press the clutch. it is a skill few people have and can do it well. Even race drivers use a clutch.....most of the time
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